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Las 10 estafas cripto más comunes y cómo detectarlas
01.07.26Principiante16 min

Las 10 estafas cripto más comunes y cómo detectarlas

Una estafa cripto es un fraude que manipula a una persona para que autorice la pérdida de sus propias criptomonedas, ya sea enviando fondos a un delincuente, revelando una frase semilla o un código de inicio de sesión, o firmando una transacción que entrega el poder de gasto. Las estafas atacan el juicio, no la criptografía, y por eso las defensas son hábitos y no software.

Clipboard swapping a verified wallet address for a malicious lookalike
01.10.26Principiante17 min

Address Poisoning and Clipboard Attacks Explained

Address poisoning is a payment-redirection attack that plants attacker-controlled lookalike addresses in a victim's transaction history, using zero-value token events, counterfeit tokens or tiny transfers, so that a later copy from that history selects the attacker's address.

Microphone soundwave turning into a masked synthetic face beside a warning sign
01.10.26Principiante18 min

AI Voice Clones and Deepfake Crypto Scams

AI voice-clone and deepfake crypto scams are a form of impersonation fraud that uses generative models to copy the voice, face or writing of someone the target trusts, such as a relative, executive, support agent or celebrity, to press for an urgent crypto transfer or login codes.

Anatomía de la cascada de liquidaciones de octubre de 2025
01.07.26Medio33 min

Anatomía de la cascada de liquidaciones de octubre de 2025

La cascada de liquidaciones de octubre de 2025 fue un evento de desapalancamiento autorreforzado en el que un anuncio macro desencadenó ventas forzadas en un mercado de derivados cripto con apalancamiento récord, y un fallo específico de una plataforma en la valoración del colateral convirtió un descenso ordenado en la mayor liquidación de la historia cripto.

Crypto flowing into an exchange building at the edge of a cracking cliff
01.10.26Principiante21 min

Are Crypto Exchanges Safe? Assessing Counterparty Risk

A custodial crypto exchange is a company that matches trades and holds customers' crypto-assets in wallets it controls, recording balances in its own ledger. Whether a balance is the customer's property or a debt the company owes depends on the account agreement and the law governing the contracting entity, and it is usually tested only if the company fails.

Estafas y amenazas cripto: cómo detectarlas y evitarlas
01.07.26Medio35 min

Estafas y amenazas cripto: cómo detectarlas y evitarlas

Chainalysis identificó al menos 14 000 millones de dólares en entradas on-chain de 2025 hacia direcciones clasificadas como estafas o fraude según el análisis on-chain, y proyecta que el total supere los 17 000 millones a medida que se identifiquen más direcciones ilícitas.

Locked wallet inside a shield connected to authentication and backup controls
01.10.26Principiante20 min

Crypto Wallet Security: The Complete Guide

Crypto wallet security is a set of operational practices that keeps control of a self-custodied wallet's keys with its owner during everyday use. It covers five surfaces: the device that signs, the signatures granted to applications, the backups that restore access, the transfers sent, and the vendor software and firmware the wallet runs.

Crypto collateral backing a loan as it moves from safe to at risk to liquidation
01.10.26Intermedio30 min

How DeFi Lending and Liquidations Actually Work

Overcollateralised DeFi lending, as run by Aave, Compound and Sky, is a form of crypto credit that runs on smart contracts and secures each loan with collateral worth more than the debt. The protocol scales the collateral's value by a liquidation threshold and compares it with the debt.

Rising returns chart on a fishhook dangling above a spiked trap and a warning sign
01.10.26Principiante23 min

Guaranteed Returns: The Biggest Red Flag in Crypto

A guaranteed-return offer is an investment pitch promising a fixed, above-market return with little or no claimed risk. The SEC lists "high returns with little or no risk" first among its Ponzi scheme warning signs.

Cómo se confirman las transacciones cripto: del envío a la confirmación final
01.07.26Medio33 min

Cómo se confirman las transacciones cripto: del envío a la confirmación final

Una transacción cripto queda confirmada cuando se incluye en un bloque válido de la cadena que un nodo considera canónica en ese momento. Una confirmación en Bitcoin significa inclusión en un bloque; los bloques posteriores añaden profundidad y reducen el riesgo de reorganización. Ethereum expone además estados explícitos de «safe» y «finalized».

Cómo comprar criptomonedas de forma segura: una guía para principiantes
01.07.26Medio33 min

Cómo comprar criptomonedas de forma segura: una guía para principiantes

La regulación es un primer filtro útil, no un certificado de seguridad. Verifica el nombre exacto de la empresa que figura en tu contrato, no solo la marca, y comprende qué protecciones se aplican y cuáles no. En la Unión Europea, el período transitorio de la MiCA finalizó el 1 de julio de 2026.

Cómo actuar si te hackean o te roban tus criptomonedas
01.07.26Avanzado20 min

Cómo actuar si te hackean o te roban tus criptomonedas

La respuesta a incidentes en el ámbito de las criptomonedas es la secuencia de acciones que limita los daños tras el compromiso de activos o del acceso: diagnosticar el tipo de brecha, evacuar los fondos restantes desde un dispositivo no comprometido, revocar o congelar lo que el atacante aún pueda utilizar, proteger las cuentas relacionadas, informar a las plataformas y a las fuerzas del orden, y reconstruir con una estructura más segura.

Cómo funcionan los ataques que vacían carteras y los ataques de aprobación
01.07.26Avanzado18 min

Cómo funcionan los ataques que vacían carteras y los ataques de aprobación

Un «drainer» de monedero es una infraestructura delictiva, normalmente alquilada como servicio, que roba a través de la autoridad utilizable: una nueva autorización que se engaña al propietario para que firme, una firma realizada con una clave ya robada o un permiso concedido hace tiempo a un gastador que posteriormente se vuelve hostil.

Globe ringed by government buildings, a stablecoin, a compliance shield, and a gavel
01.10.26Medio29 min

How Are Stablecoins Regulated Around the World?

Stablecoin regulation is a body of law that governs who may issue a token pegged to an official currency, what assets must back it, who may redeem it and on what terms, what the issuer must disclose, and which supervisor can act. Each regime binds only firms within its scope, once it commences.

Central layer-one blockchain stack connected to surrounding layer-two networks
01.10.26Principiante25 min

How Do Blockchains Differ? Layer 1s, Layer 2s and the Multichain Map

The blockchain ecosystem is a collection of independent networks that each record transactions in a separate ledger under separate rules. They vary in how they reach agreement, whether they run programs, how often they add blocks, what they charge and how many operators would have to collude to corrupt or halt them.

Balance scale holding two dollar coins level between blocks of reserves
01.10.26Medio27 min

How Do Stablecoins Keep Their Peg?

A stablecoin peg holds a token near its reference price through routes to convert it at or near par. Approved customers redeem under issuer terms, any holder of an in-scope EU e-money token can by law, vault owners repay their own debt, and some contracts let any holder redeem or swap. A price off par invites a trade until the gap is below its cost.

Wallet connected to metal backup plates, a safe, and protected cloud storage
01.10.26Principiante20 min

How to Back Up a Crypto Wallet Properly

A crypto wallet backup is a set of recovery materials that restores access to funds when the working wallet fails. It has three layers: the secret material the wallet's design requires, a written note on how the setup works, and the devices, shares or people the design depends on.

Crypto moving from one wallet to another past a checklist and a verification shield
01.10.26Principiante18 min

How to Send and Receive Crypto Without Losing It

A crypto transfer is a signed instruction that moves an asset on one blockchain; once confirmed, the network generally cannot reverse it. It arrives only when three fields match what the recipient controls: the address identifies the recipient, the network identifies the ledger, and, at custodial destinations that pool customers, a memo or tag identifies the account.

Stablecoins moving from a protected phone into a locked wallet
01.10.26Principiante23 min

How to Use Stablecoins More Safely

Safer stablecoin use is a set of operational practices that reduce, without removing, the risks a stablecoin keeps after its design has reduced volatility against a reference asset.

Price feed from a data source cracking as it reaches crypto tokens
01.10.26Avanzado19 min

Oracle Risk: How Price Feeds Break, and What Breaks With Them

Oracle risk is a design risk that arises whenever an automated system acts on a price it cannot check for itself. An on-chain lending market relies on its oracle, and a centralised exchange's margin engine relies on an internal index the exchange computes.

Seguridad física y coacción: pasar desapercibido
01.07.26Avanzado19 min

Seguridad física y coacción: pasar desapercibido

Un «ataque con llave inglesa» es un ataque físico contra un poseedor de cripto que sustituye la piratería informática por la fuerza: robo, allanamiento de morada, secuestro o extorsión con el objetivo de que la víctima entregue las claves o autorice transferencias.

Friendly chat messages leading from a phone to a fishhook and a Bitcoin falling into a hole
01.10.26Principiante17 min

Pig Butchering: How Long-Con Crypto Scams Build Trust

A relationship investment scam is investment fraud that begins with a relationship. A scammer, usually making contact out of the blue online, builds trust and then steers the person into depositing money, often crypto, on a counterfeit trading platform. It shows invented gains and may pay out a small early withdrawal.

Explicación de las claves privadas frente a las claves públicas
01.07.26Medio31 min

Explicación de las claves privadas frente a las claves públicas

Una clave privada es material de firma secreto que puede autorizar acciones en el marco de una cuenta de cadena de bloques o una política de gasto. De ella se deriva matemáticamente una clave pública que permite a la red verificar las firmas sin conocer el secreto.

Riesgos de los contratos inteligentes: auditorías, vulnerabilidades y lo que se les escapa
01.07.26Medio19 min

Riesgos de los contratos inteligentes: auditorías, vulnerabilidades y lo que se les escapa

Una auditoría de contratos inteligentes es una revisión estructurada por expertos del código del contrato que busca clases de vulnerabilidades conocidas, desviaciones respecto a las especificaciones y patrones peligrosos antes de su implementación. Se trata de una evaluación puntual de una versión del código bajo supuestos establecidos.

Dollar stablecoin linked to reserves on one side and shattering on the other
01.10.26Medio46 min

Stablecoin Stability and Failure Modes

A stablecoin failure mode is a pattern of breakdown that stops a token being turned back into its reference value. A fiat-backed coin can break when the path to its reserves freezes through a bank failure, gated redemption or weekend closure. An algorithmic coin can break when its own defence mechanism destroys its backing.

El estado de la autocustodia de criptomonedas en 2026
01.07.26Medio33 min

El estado de la autocustodia de criptomonedas en 2026

«El estado de la autocustodia de criptomonedas» es un informe de investigación que se actualiza periódicamente y mide cómo los titulares de criptomonedas custodian sus activos: la proporción de valor que se mantiene en las propias claves de los titulares frente a las de las plataformas de intercambio, los custodios y los fondos; el número de personas implicadas; los acontecimientos que les llevan a cambiar de modelo; y la tecnología que utilizan.

Leading stablecoins side by side on podiums of different heights
01.10.26Principiante27 min

The Biggest Stablecoins Compared: USDT, USDC and the New Generation

A stablecoin comparison is a side-by-side reading of dollar tokens that records, for each one, what backs it, how that backing is evidenced, who can redeem directly with the issuer, which legal entity issues it and what has gone wrong before.

Row of exchange towers degrading from intact to collapsed under a risk gauge
01.10.26Principiante28 min

The Exchange Failure Index

The Exchange Failure Index is a sourced register that records eight custodial crypto platform failures from 2014 to 2022 as examples, classifying each by its initial trigger and what followed, setting out the sums, how the law treated customer claims and what customers recovered, in what form and over what time.

Globe with rising adoption charts surrounded by major stablecoins
01.10.26Principiante26 min

The Stablecoin Adoption Report

The Stablecoin Adoption Report is a dated research assembly that quotes public measurements of stablecoin use, naming for each the instrument behind it, its reference date, its denominator and its limits.

Magnifying glass finding a bug in a wallet beside a ledger of security warnings
01.10.26Medio29 min

The Wallet Vulnerability Ledger

The Wallet Vulnerability Ledger is a dated register of documented security failures in crypto wallet software, hardware and their distribution channels that records, for each incident, the affected products and versions, the disclosure date, the technical root cause, the patched status, any reported impact with its source, and a confidence label, so that implementation risk can be assessed from published evidence.

Autenticación de dos factores, suplantación de tarjetas SIM y seguridad de las cuentas
01.07.26Principiante22 min

Autenticación de dos factores, suplantación de tarjetas SIM y seguridad de las cuentas

La autenticación de dos factores añade una segunda prueba de identidad independiente a la contraseña. La protección que ofrece depende totalmente del segundo factor que elijas: un código enviado por mensaje de texto puede ser robado al hacerse con el control de tu número de teléfono, mientras que una llave de seguridad de hardware o una clave de acceso es resistente al phishin…

Formas de guardar las claves: comparación entre hardware, software y MPC
01.07.26Avanzado19 min

Formas de guardar las claves: comparación entre hardware, software y MPC

Un modelo clave de almacenamiento es la configuración que determina dónde reside la autoridad de firma de un monedero y qué debe verse comprometido, perdido o forzado para que los activos se muevan. Las carteras de software almacenan las claves en un dispositivo conectado, sacrificando la seguridad en aras de la comodidad.

¿Qué es una cadena de bloques y cómo funciona?
01.07.26Medio23 min

¿Qué es una cadena de bloques y cómo funciona?

Una cadena de bloques es un libro mayor distribuido que registra transacciones ordenadas o cambios de estado en bloques. Cada bloque suele hacer referencia a su predecesor y contiene compromisos criptográficos con respecto a sus datos.

¿Qué es el bitcoin y por qué se creó?
01.07.26Medio31 min

¿Qué es el bitcoin y por qué se creó?

Bitcoin es un sistema de pago y liquidación electrónico entre pares lanzado en 2009. Registra la propiedad en una cadena de bloques pública y utiliza la prueba de trabajo, además de nodos que validan de forma independiente, para evitar el doble gasto sin necesidad de un banco.

¿Qué es una criptomoneda? La guía completa
01.07.26Medio36 min

¿Qué es una criptomoneda? La guía completa

La criptomoneda es una clase de activos digitales cuya propiedad y transferencia se registran en un libro mayor distribuido protegido criptográficamente. Un monedero o un custodio utiliza claves privadas para autorizar las transacciones, mientras que los participantes de la red las validan y ordenan según unas reglas compartidas.

Phone of decentralised app icons protected by a verification shield
01.10.26Principiante24 min

What Are dApps, and How Do You Use Them More Safely?

A dApp, or decentralised application, is an application whose core logic runs as smart contracts on a blockchain, reached through a front end such as a website, governed by whoever can change its contracts, often reliant on off-chain services and used through a wallet. The front end can only propose actions.

Transactions on a congested network lane beside rising and falling fee charts
01.10.26Principiante17 min

What Are Gas and Network Fees, and Why Do They Change?

A network fee is the price a sender attaches to a blockchain transaction to have it included and executed, set by demand for the chain's limited block space; who receives it depends on the chain.

Glass wallet with a lock beside Ether and Bitcoin coins on a glowing network
01.10.26Principiante18 min

What Is a Crypto Wallet?

A crypto wallet is a key-management tool that generates addresses for receiving crypto, signs transactions to send it, and shows balances by reading the blockchain. The assets stay on the chain; the wallet holds the keys, or in some designs key shares, that authorise moving them. The word also covers custodial accounts, where a company holds the keys on the customer's behalf.

Contract document with a gear and a padlock connected to blockchain blocks
01.10.26Principiante21 min

What Is a Smart Contract?

A smart contract is a program that runs on a blockchain under that chain's rules, holds assets and transfers them when a transaction calls it and its coded conditions are met. Every validator executes the same code against the same data, so no operator approves each step.

Dollar-pegged stablecoin resting on a pedestal within a blockchain network
01.10.26Principiante21 min

What Is a Stablecoin? The Complete Guide

A stablecoin is a blockchain token that aims to hold a steady value, usually one US dollar, by resting on issuer-held reserves, surplus crypto locked in contracts, hedged positions or supply rules. Its holder owns the token; the right to redeem it is separate.

Magnifying glass revealing the hidden details of a transaction before it is signed
01.10.26Medio19 min

What Is Blind Signing? How to Verify Before You Sign

Blind signing is a way of approving a crypto transaction or message that commits the signer's key to data the signer cannot read or check. It happens when a wallet cannot decode the request and shows raw data, or when compromised software describes the request as something it is not. The approval then depends on trusting whoever built the request.

Wallet, lending, swaps, and liquidity pools connected around a central protocol
01.10.26Intermedio25 min

What Is DeFi? An Honest Introduction

DeFi (decentralised finance) is a category of financial applications that runs trading, lending and derivatives as smart contracts on public blockchains. Users keep custody of their assets until a contract's rules move them. Many public markets accept any address that meets those rules, while other contracts check an allowlist, a role or an identity credential first.

Magnifying glass inspecting a vault of reserves with a partly hidden section
01.10.26Medio23 min

What Is Proof of Reserves, and What Does It Actually Prove?

Proof of reserves is a disclosure practice that lets a custodial platform prove control of on-chain addresses and, in stronger versions, commit cryptographically to its customer liabilities, so each customer can check their own inclusion and an accountant, often under agreed-upon procedures, can compare the totals. It evidences asset control and inclusion at one snapshot.

Ether locked at the centre of validator nodes, one of them cracked
01.10.26Principiante21 min

What Is Staking, and What Are Its Risks?

Staking is a form of participation in a proof-of-stake network that commits the network's own coin behind a validator, directly or through an intermediary, so that the stake helps propose and confirm blocks. The protocol pays participating stake a share of issuance and unburned transaction fees, in that coin, at a rate its formulas set.

Path splitting between growing crypto rewards and a cracked coin falling in value
01.10.26Principiante21 min

Where Crypto Rewards Come From, and What Risks They Carry

A crypto reward is a token payment with an identifiable source: a protocol paying for network security, borrowers paying interest, traders paying swap fees, a project distributing promotional tokens, or a company promising a rate it sets.

¿Quién custodia tus criptomonedas? Custodia tradicional, autocustodia y MPC
01.07.26Principiante18 min

¿Quién custodia tus criptomonedas? Custodia tradicional, autocustodia y MPC

Un modelo de custodia es el acuerdo que determina quién controla la clave capaz de mover tus criptomonedas. Los servicios de custodia guardan las claves en tu nombre, por lo que dependes de la empresa. La autocustodia con una sola clave pone una clave, y su copia de seguridad en forma de frase semilla, íntegramente en tus manos.

ID card and fingerprint sending personal data into an exchange profile
01.10.26Principiante26 min

Why Do Exchanges Ask for Your ID? KYC and What They Know

Know-your-customer (KYC) is an anti-money-laundering control that requires regulated financial businesses to identify and verify their customers; where a jurisdiction's law covers crypto businesses, it applies to exchanges alongside record-keeping, transaction monitoring and suspicious-activity reporting. Each jurisdiction sets its own duties, thresholds and start dates.